Code of Web Version of 3D-Driving
Code for driving round a circuit marked by hexagonal prisms
Introduction
We converted Peter Hearnshaw's program to run in Smart Mobile Studio and you can try it on the previous page. The conversion demonstrates:
- the initialisation of the XYObjs array with square brackets;
- input from mouse, touch and keyboard;
- the display of text with Canvas.FillTextF, lines with Canvas.LineF, rectangles with Canvas.FillRectF and a polygon for the car by creating a path then drawing it with Canvas.Stroke.
Smart Pascal Code
unit Unit1; { Copyright (c) 2011 Peter Hearnshaw Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License, as described at http://www.apache.org/licenses/ and http://www.pp4s.co.uk/licenses/ Converted to Smart Pascal by PPS, 2015 } interface uses System.Types, SmartCL.System, SmartCL.Components, SmartCL.Application, SmartCL.Game, SmartCL.GameApp, SmartCL.Graphics, SmartCL.Touch; type TCanvasProject = class(TW3CustomGameApplication) private const MAX_OBJECTS: integer = 227; const SCALE_FACTOR = 0.5; const getMaxX = 953; const getMaxy = 700; degr, xObj, yObj, basis3DObjX, basis3DObjY, errorInDegr, changeInDegr: integer; x1, y1, xCar, yCar, Rdegr, carSpeed, tempDegr, distanceAway, twistingY, getMouseX: real; XYObjs: array [1..227, 1..2] of integer = [ //The track [1300, 300], [1299, 281], [1293, 259], [1283, 239], [1269, 221], [1249, 207], [1229, 201], [1203, 196], [1155, 196], [1177, 196], [1105, 198], [1057, 196], [1003, 196], [906, 201], [802, 196], [702, 198], [599, 196], [501, 196], [449, 196], [551, 196], [425, 196], [399, 196], [375, 198], [347, 201], [329, 211], [325, 237], [325, 259], [329, 281], [347, 291], [377, 293], [399, 301], [431, 303], [451, 301], [501, 299], [551, 299], [599, 299], [648, 299], [702, 301], [676, 301], [734, 303], [758, 307], [786, 313], [812, 325], [836, 339], [856, 361], [872, 381], [888, 405], [896, 435], [900, 465], [904, 501], [902, 549], [902, 525], [900, 602], [902, 650], [902, 702], [900, 800], [902, 902], [902, 1003], [902, 1101], [902, 1201], [902, 1253], [902, 1301], [904, 1347], [904, 1375], [904, 1402], [908, 1422], [914, 1438], [922, 1456], [930, 1466], [944, 1482], [966, 1490], [982, 1500], [1003, 1506], [1031, 1504], [1053, 1504], [1077, 1506], [1103, 1504], [1133, 1504], [1153, 1504], [1175, 1506], [1201, 1504], [1227, 1500], [1247, 1494], [1263, 1486], [1277, 1472], [1289, 1460], [1295, 1438], [1297, 1418], [1299, 1402], [1303, 1375], [1303, 1353], [1303, 1303], [1303, 1249], [1305, 1203], [1301, 1105], [1301, 1003], [1303, 902], [1303, 800], [1303, 704], [1303, 599], [1303, 503], [1305, 453], [1305, 399], [1303, 351], [1303, 325], [1399, 301], [1399, 263], [1393, 233], [1385, 201], [1371, 178], [1355, 158], [1335, 134], [1311, 118], [1287, 110], [1261, 106], [1233, 98], [1201, 100], [1175, 102], [1155, 100], [1105, 100], [1051, 100], [1001, 98], [904, 100], [802, 100], [702, 100], [599, 98], [501, 102], [449, 102], [401, 102], [351, 102], [321, 102], [299, 98], [277, 106], [255, 112], [231, 124], [213, 144], [201, 170], [198, 198], [201, 219], [201, 247], [201, 275], [198, 299], [203, 327], [207, 351], [217, 371], [241, 385], [269, 395], [303, 397], [327, 399], [353, 399], [401, 401], [455, 399], [497, 397], [551, 399], [599, 401], [652, 401], [676, 399], [698, 399], [728, 403], [748, 411], [770, 421], [784, 443], [794, 461], [798, 481], [802, 503], [802, 529], [802, 549], [802, 604], [802, 652], [802, 700], [802, 800], [802, 898], [802, 1001], [802, 1103], [800, 1203], [802, 1251], [800, 1299], [802, 1341], [802, 1371], [804, 1402], [802, 1438], [810, 1470], [816, 1498], [832, 1520], [848, 1542], [866, 1564], [890, 1576], [916, 1586], [942, 1594], [968, 1596], [1001, 1598], [1031, 1598], [1055, 1598], [1079, 1596], [1105, 1598], [1133, 1598], [1155, 1598], [1173, 1598], [1199, 1598], [1237, 1596], [1271, 1594], [1297, 1586], [1321, 1572], [1343, 1556], [1365, 1534], [1381, 1514], [1389, 1486], [1395, 1458], [1399, 1434], [1400, 1399], [1400, 1375], [1400, 1349], [1400, 1299], [1400, 1251], [1400, 1203], [1399, 1103], [1400, 998], [1400, 902], [1399, 798], [1400, 702], [1400, 604], [1400, 503], [1400, 451], [1400, 401], [1400, 351], [1400, 325], [1400, 300]]; protected procedure ApplicationStarting; override; procedure ApplicationClosing; override; procedure PaintView(Canvas: TW3Canvas); override; procedure KeyDownEvent(mCode : integer); end; implementation procedure TCanvasProject.KeyDownEvent(mCode : integer); begin case mCode of 27 : Application.Terminate; 38 : carSpeed := carSpeed + 0.05; // Up arrow key changes how quickly the car accelerates 40 : carSpeed := carSpeed * 0.9; // Down arrow key changes how quickly the car decelerates// end; end; procedure TCanvasProject.ApplicationStarting; begin inherited; asm window.onkeydown=function(e) { TCanvasProject.KeyDownEvent(Self,e.keyCode); } window.focus(); end; KeyDownEvent(0); GameView.OnMouseMove := procedure (o: TObject; t: TShiftState; x, y: Integer) begin if (x > 150) and (x < 350) then Getmousex := x / SCALE_FACTOR; end; GameView.OnMouseDown := lambda carSpeed := carSpeed + 0.05; end; //how quickly the car accelerates GameView.OnTouchMove := procedure (sender : TObject; Info : TW3TouchData) begin var x := Info.Touches.Touches[0].PageX; if (x > 150) and (x < 350) then Getmousex := x / SCALE_FACTOR; end; GameView.OnTouchBegin := lambda carSpeed := carSpeed + 0.05; end; //how quickly the car accelerates xCar := getmaxX div 2; yCar := getmaxY div 2; getmousex := xCar; carSpeed := 0; GameView.Delay := 21; GameView.StartSession(False); end; procedure TCanvasProject.ApplicationClosing; begin GameView.EndSession; inherited; end; procedure TCanvasProject.PaintView(Canvas: TW3Canvas); function getXCar (carRad: real; bearing: integer) : integer; begin Result := round(getmaxX / 2) + round(80 * carRad * sin(-(180 + changeInDegr + bearing) / 180 * 3.141)); end; function getYCar (carRad: real; bearing: integer) : integer; begin Result := (getmaxY - 80) + round(40 * carRad * cos(-(180 + changeInDegr + bearing) / 180 * 3.141)); end; function gXY(isx: boolean; radius: integer; bearing: integer; yAddition: integer): integer; {function to get REAL x or y value (as opposed to the imaginary x,y,z). co-ord value based on bearing and distance.} var TotalYAdd: integer; begin if isx then //is an x value begin // radius := round(radius * (1 / (distanceAway / 10))); radius := round(radius * 10 / distanceAway); Result := basis3DObjX - round(0.5 * round(radius * cos(-(tempDegr + bearing) / 180 * 3.141))); end else begin //is a y value TotalYAdd := 0; if not (yAddition = 0) then TotalYAdd := round(-yAddition * 10 / distanceAway); radius := round(radius * 10 / distanceAway); Result := TotalYAdd + basis3DObjY - round(0.5 * round(radius * sin(-(tempDegr + bearing) / 180 * 3.141))); end; end; begin // Clear background Canvas.FillStyle := 'rgb(0, 0, 0)'; Canvas.FillRectF(0, 0, GameView.Width, GameView.Height); Canvas.Font := '20pt verdana'; Canvas.FillStyle := 'rgb(255, 255, 255)'; Canvas.StrokeStyle := 'rgb(255, 255, 255)'; Canvas.Scale(SCALE_FACTOR, SCALE_FACTOR); Canvas.BeginPath; Canvas.LineF(50, 300, 850, 300); // horizon line Canvas.Stroke; Canvas.FillTextF(intToStr(round(carSpeed * 100)) + ' mph', 20, 20, MAX_INT); Canvas.FillTextF('Click to start and accelerate and move the mouse', 110, 45, MAX_INT); Canvas.FillTextF('from side to side to turn.', 110, 70, MAX_INT); Canvas.FillTextF('Up arrow to accelerate, down arrow to brake', 110, 95, MAX_INT); Canvas.FillTextF('and Escape to quit.', 110, 120, MAX_INT); // the on-screen car changeInDegr := round((getmouseX - (getmaxX / 2)) / 10); Canvas.BeginPath; Canvas.LineF(getXCar(1, 0), getYCar(1, 0), getXCar(1, 150), getYCar(1, 150)); Canvas.LineF(getXCar(1, 150), getYCar(1, 150), getXCar(0, 330), getYCar(0, 330)); Canvas.LineF(getXCar(0, 330), getYCar(0, 330), getXCar(1, 210), getYCar(1, 210)); Canvas.LineF(getXCar(1, 210), getYCar(1, 210), getXCar(1, 0), getYCar(1, 0)); Canvas.ClosePath; Canvas.Stroke; // end on-screen car if getmouseX < getmaxX / 2 then begin Rdegr := Rdegr + ((getmouseX - (getmaxX / 2)) / 50); if Rdegr < 0 then Rdegr := 359.9; end; if getmouseX > getmaxX / 2 then begin Rdegr := Rdegr + ((getmouseX - (getmaxX / 2)) / 50); if Rdegr > 360 then Rdegr := 0.1; end; // Movement // Move car by x value in right angle triangle, xCar is x pos of viewpoint xCar := xCar + (carSpeed * 10 * sin(-(degr + 180) / 180 * 3.141)); // Move car by y value in right angle triangle. yCar := yCar + (carSpeed * 10 * cos(-(degr + 180) / 180 * 3.141)); if carSpeed > 0 then carSpeed := carSpeed * 0.99; degr := round(Rdegr); // End movement x1 := xCar + (-40 * sin(-(degr + 180) / 180 * 3.141)); //x1 is x pos of car (in front of front of line) y1 := yCar + (-40 * cos(-(degr + 180) / 180 * 3.141)); //FOR EACH OBJECT for var i := 1 to MAX_OBJECTS do begin xObj := XYObjs[i][1]; //get the x and y of the object in question yObj := XYObjs[i][2]; //find distanceAway and degrees from CAR to OBJ twistingY := 0.28; //This specifies where the objects twist around (i.e. the car). //It is a constant, change it at your peril //Pythagoras: sqrt of y length^2 + x length^2 distanceAway := twistingY * sqrt((yObj - y1) * (yObj - y1) + (xObj - x1) * (xObj - x1)); if not ((xObj - round(x1)) = 0) then //Can't divide by zero (in the tempDegr equation below) //tempDegr is the bearing from the car to the point tempDegr := 90 + ((arctan((yObj - y1) / (xObj - x1))) / 3.141 * 180) else tempDegr := 90 + ((arctan((yObj - y1) / 0.01)) / 3.141 * 180); //saved u from a dodgy error if x1 - xObj > 0 then tempDegr := tempDegr + 180; {The direction the car is pointing (degr) needs to be close to the true bearing from the car to the point for the object to be in view.} {makes a number between 0 and -800 (so we add 850 to shift it all to positive and the horizon which starts at 50)} basis3DObjX := 850 + round(-10 * (degr - (tempDegr - 40))); if distanceAway = 0 then distanceAway := 0.01; //saved you from a nasty divide by zero error {This used to be a major problem. When degr goes over 360 it returns to 0. However, if degr is low and tempDegr is high, problems occur.} if (tempDegr < 150) and (degr > 210) then basis3DObjX := 850 + round(-10 * ((degr - 360) - (tempDegr - 40))); //Check if one is high and one is low and change the equation accordingly if (tempDegr > 210) and (degr < 150) then basis3DObjX := 850 + round(-10 * ((degr + 360) - (tempDegr - 40))); basis3DObjY := 300 + round(300 * 10 / distanceAway); errorInDegr := 0; if (tempDegr < 150) and (degr > 210) then errorInDegr := -360; //Check if one is high and one is low and change the equation accordingly if (tempDegr > 210) and (degr < 150) then errorInDegr := +360; if ((degr + errorInDegr - 40) < tempDegr) and ((degr+errorInDegr+40)>tempDegr) then //view is 20+20 (40) degrees across begin //Draw vertical lines between hexagons Canvas.StrokeStyle := 'rgb(255, 255, 255)'; Canvas.BeginPath; Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 0), gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 100)); Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 60, 0), gXY(False, 35, 60, 0), gXY(True, 70, 60, 0), gXY(False, 35, 60, 100)); Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 120, 0), gXY(False, 35, 120, 0), gXY(True, 70, 120, 0), gXY(False, 35, 120, 100)); Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 180, 0), gXY(False, 35, 180, 0), gXY(True, 70, 180, 0), gXY(False, 35, 180, 100)); Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 240, 0), gXY(False, 35, 240, 0), gXY(True, 70, 240, 0), gXY(False, 35, 240, 100)); Canvas.LineF(gXY(True, 70, 300, 0), gXY(False, 35, 300, 0), gXY(True, 70, 300, 0), gXY(False, 35, 300, 100)); Canvas.ClosePath; Canvas.Stroke; //Draw bottom hexagons Canvas.BeginPath; Canvas.MoveToF(gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 60, 0), gXY(False, 35, 60, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 120, 0), gXY(False, 35, 120, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 180, 0), gXY(False, 35, 180, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 240, 0), gXY(False, 35, 240, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 300, 0), gXY(False, 35, 300, 0)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 0)); Canvas.ClosePath; Canvas.Stroke; // Draw top hexagons Canvas.BeginPath; Canvas.MoveToF(gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 60, 0), gXY(False, 35, 60, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 120, 0), gXY(False, 35, 120, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 180, 0), gXY(False, 35, 180, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 240, 0), gXY(False, 35, 240, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 300, 0), gXY(False, 35, 300, 100)); Canvas.LineToF(gXY(True, 70, 0, 0), gXY(False, 35, 0, 100)); Canvas.ClosePath; Canvas.Stroke; end; end; //of for Canvas.Scale(1 / SCALE_FACTOR, 1 / SCALE_FACTOR); end; end.
dita powered™.